Aircraft penetrated class C airspace without establishing 2- way communications. ATCT intervened.

Attributes
ACN	305601
Time
Date	199505
Day	Sun
Local Time Of Day	0601 To 1200
Place
Locale Reference	airport : hwd
State Reference	CA
Altitude	msl bound lower : 1500 msl bound upper : 2200
Environment
Flight Conditions	VMC
Light	Daylight
Aircraft 1
Controlling Facilities	tracon : oak tower : hwd
Operator	general aviation : personal
Make Model Name	Any Unknown or Unlisted Aircraft Manufacturer
Operating Under FAR Part	Part 91
Flight Phase	climbout : intermediate altitude
Flight Plan	None
Person 1
Affiliation	Other
Function	flight crew : single pilot
Qualification	pilot : flight engineer pilot : cfi pilot : atp
Experience	flight time last 90 days : 70 flight time total : 5070 flight time type : 2500
ASRS Report	305601
Person 2
Affiliation	government : faa
Function	controller : local
Qualification	controller : non radar
Events
Anomaly	non adherence : clearance non adherence : far other anomaly other
Independent Detector	other controllera
Resolutory Action	other other
Consequence	Other
Supplementary
Primary Problem	Flight Crew Human Performance
Air Traffic Incident	Pilot Deviation

Narrative:

Before takeoff from runway 28L at hayward, ca, airport, I reviewed my sectional chart for the airspace requirements for a downwind departure. It appeared the only conflicting airspace for the climb out would be the sfo class B, showing a section between 3000-8000 ft. I determined a climb to 2900 ft would work until reaching the 15 NM radius from sfo. After takeoff on the downwind, while climbing out of 2200 ft, hayward tower asked if I was familiar with their airspace. I told them I was going to level at 2900 ft. They replied that I had intruded into oak class C. I quickly called bay approach , and the problem was solved (oak class C starts at 1500 ft). I only fly to the bay area about once every yr. So I feel my sectional chart should suffice. But a close look at oak class C depictions reveals many gaps in the magenta rings. It was such a gap that led me to miss seeing class C airspace. I suggest consideration be given to showing complete class C and B depictions on all sectional charts. (I made a straight-in approach to runway 28R at hayward 30 mins prior to this incident. No mention made by tower at that time regarding class C which I was inside at 1800 ft as well!)

Original NASA ASRS Text

Title: ACFT PENETRATED CLASS C AIRSPACE WITHOUT ESTABLISHING 2- WAY COMS. ATCT INTERVENED.

Narrative: BEFORE TKOF FROM RWY 28L AT HAYWARD, CA, ARPT, I REVIEWED MY SECTIONAL CHART FOR THE AIRSPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR A DOWNWIND DEP. IT APPEARED THE ONLY CONFLICTING AIRSPACE FOR THE CLBOUT WOULD BE THE SFO CLASS B, SHOWING A SECTION BTWN 3000-8000 FT. I DETERMINED A CLB TO 2900 FT WOULD WORK UNTIL REACHING THE 15 NM RADIUS FROM SFO. AFTER TKOF ON THE DOWNWIND, WHILE CLBING OUT OF 2200 FT, HAYWARD TWR ASKED IF I WAS FAMILIAR WITH THEIR AIRSPACE. I TOLD THEM I WAS GOING TO LEVEL AT 2900 FT. THEY REPLIED THAT I HAD INTRUDED INTO OAK CLASS C. I QUICKLY CALLED BAY APCH , AND THE PROB WAS SOLVED (OAK CLASS C STARTS AT 1500 FT). I ONLY FLY TO THE BAY AREA ABOUT ONCE EVERY YR. SO I FEEL MY SECTIONAL CHART SHOULD SUFFICE. BUT A CLOSE LOOK AT OAK CLASS C DEPICTIONS REVEALS MANY GAPS IN THE MAGENTA RINGS. IT WAS SUCH A GAP THAT LED ME TO MISS SEEING CLASS C AIRSPACE. I SUGGEST CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN TO SHOWING COMPLETE CLASS C AND B DEPICTIONS ON ALL SECTIONAL CHARTS. (I MADE A STRAIGHT-IN APCH TO RWY 28R AT HAYWARD 30 MINS PRIOR TO THIS INCIDENT. NO MENTION MADE BY TWR AT THAT TIME REGARDING CLASS C WHICH I WAS INSIDE AT 1800 FT AS WELL!)

Data retrieved from NASA's ASRS site as of July 2007 and automatically converted to unabbreviated mixed upper/lowercase text. This report is for informational purposes with no guarantee of accuracy. See NASA's ASRS site for official report.