Cargo flight fails to switch to tower. Land without clearance, in a night operation.

Attributes
ACN	250467
Time
Date	199308
Day	Tue
Local Time Of Day	0001 To 0600
Place
Locale Reference	atc facility : yyz
State Reference	ON
Altitude	agl bound lower : 0 agl bound upper : 0
Environment
Flight Conditions	Marginal
Light	Night
Aircraft 1
Controlling Facilities	tower : yyz tower : bdl
Operator	common carrier : air carrier
Make Model Name	Medium Transport, High Wing, 2 Turboprop Eng
Flight Phase	descent : approach landing other
Flight Plan	IFR
Person 1
Affiliation	company : air carrier
Function	flight crew : captain oversight : pic
Qualification	pilot : atp
Experience	flight time last 90 days : 85 flight time total : 12000 flight time type : 2000
ASRS Report	250467
Person 2
Affiliation	company : air carrier
Function	flight crew : first officer
Qualification	pilot : instrument pilot : commercial
Events
Anomaly	incursion : landing without clearance non adherence : clearance non adherence : far other anomaly other
Independent Detector	other controllera other flight crewa
Resolutory Action	none taken : detected after the fact
Consequence	Other
Supplementary
Primary Problem	Flight Crew Human Performance
Air Traffic Incident	Pilot Deviation

Narrative:

Crew was tired, starting week 1ST leg new copilot was 5TH leg in aircraft after chkout in type. Everything normal, except on final approach, with late turn to final by ATC, an increase of 40 KTS ground speed (tailwind). While reducing speed and altitude to stay on approach, were surprised by rapid closure to runway. Aircraft was stabilized late. Landing checklist read at OM. Copilot was engrossed in approach and failed to switch to tower until landing. I was shooting approach and failed to realize landing clearance had not been received until just at touchdown. Called immediately. No problems, taxi to ramp. The taxi light is 'cue' for landing clearance. I noticed too late, I had become engrossed and failed to hear, switch over, after cleared for approach. I had not allowed enough attention to check the copilot closer, for he was new in aircraft. The runways were immediately changed after landing. Approach noted airspeed increase. Day to night schedule change affected alertness of crew. Rapid increase of speed on final distracted both crew members on radio call. Landing taxi light was noted off too late. Got rushed and missed call.

Original NASA ASRS Text

Title: CARGO FLT FAILS TO SWITCH TO TWR. LAND WITHOUT CLRNC, IN A NIGHT OP.

Narrative: CREW WAS TIRED, STARTING WK 1ST LEG NEW COPLT WAS 5TH LEG IN ACFT AFTER CHKOUT IN TYPE. EVERYTHING NORMAL, EXCEPT ON FINAL APCH, WITH LATE TURN TO FINAL BY ATC, AN INCREASE OF 40 KTS GND SPD (TAILWIND). WHILE REDUCING SPD AND ALT TO STAY ON APCH, WERE SURPRISED BY RAPID CLOSURE TO RWY. ACFT WAS STABILIZED LATE. LNDG CHKLIST READ AT OM. COPLT WAS ENGROSSED IN APCH AND FAILED TO SWITCH TO TWR UNTIL LNDG. I WAS SHOOTING APCH AND FAILED TO REALIZE LNDG CLRNC HAD NOT BEEN RECEIVED UNTIL JUST AT TOUCHDOWN. CALLED IMMEDIATELY. NO PROBS, TAXI TO RAMP. THE TAXI LIGHT IS 'CUE' FOR LNDG CLRNC. I NOTICED TOO LATE, I HAD BECOME ENGROSSED AND FAILED TO HEAR, SWITCH OVER, AFTER CLRED FOR APCH. I HAD NOT ALLOWED ENOUGH ATTN TO CHK THE COPLT CLOSER, FOR HE WAS NEW IN ACFT. THE RWYS WERE IMMEDIATELY CHANGED AFTER LNDG. APCH NOTED AIRSPD INCREASE. DAY TO NIGHT SCHEDULE CHANGE AFFECTED ALERTNESS OF CREW. RAPID INCREASE OF SPD ON FINAL DISTRACTED BOTH CREW MEMBERS ON RADIO CALL. LNDG TAXI LIGHT WAS NOTED OFF TOO LATE. GOT RUSHED AND MISSED CALL.

Data retrieved from NASA's ASRS site as of July 2007 and automatically converted to unabbreviated mixed upper/lowercase text. This report is for informational purposes with no guarantee of accuracy. See NASA's ASRS site for official report.