Narrative:

Air carrier X cleared to 12000 ft and leveled at same. Center says they called traffic at 10 O'clock and 11000 ft, which we acknowledged. We then descended to 11000 ft without clearance. Neither center nor approach indicated to us that there was a problem. I can only assume that aircraft took the traffic as a clearance to 11000 ft, rather than a TA. In short, misunderstood the call and reacted to same. This is an assumption, since we have no solid recollection of the events. I also think the first officer was off getting the updated WX so 1) he was out of the loop, and 2) I was flying single pilot in the WX.

Google
 

Original NASA ASRS Text

Title: ACR X NON ADHERENCE TO ATC CLRNC UNAUTH DSCNT TO OCCUPIED ALT. PLTDEV ALTDEV.

Narrative: ACR X CLRED TO 12000 FT AND LEVELED AT SAME. CTR SAYS THEY CALLED TFC AT 10 O'CLOCK AND 11000 FT, WHICH WE ACKNOWLEDGED. WE THEN DSNDED TO 11000 FT WITHOUT CLRNC. NEITHER CTR NOR APCH INDICATED TO US THAT THERE WAS A PROB. I CAN ONLY ASSUME THAT ACFT TOOK THE TFC AS A CLRNC TO 11000 FT, RATHER THAN A TA. IN SHORT, MISUNDERSTOOD THE CALL AND REACTED TO SAME. THIS IS AN ASSUMPTION, SINCE WE HAVE NO SOLID RECOLLECTION OF THE EVENTS. I ALSO THINK THE FO WAS OFF GETTING THE UPDATED WX SO 1) HE WAS OUT OF THE LOOP, AND 2) I WAS FLYING SINGLE PLT IN THE WX.

Data retrieved from NASA's ASRS site as of July 2007 and automatically converted to unabbreviated mixed upper/lowercase text. This report is for informational purposes with no guarantee of accuracy. See NASA's ASRS site for official report.