Narrative:

Aircraft X called inbound from the southwest for a full stop landing. After initially telling him to make straight in for runway 5; I changed his instructions and told the pilot to make right traffic for runway 10 and to report a 3 mile right base for runway 10. I noticed the aircraft on the radar display on the edge of the class delta flying northwest bound through my final for runway 5. I told the pilot to continue west so he didn't cut any other aircraft off on final for runway 5. I observed the target moving westbound. I cleared the aircraft to land on runway 10 and to hold short of runway 5 for traffic. The pilot asked me to repeat my clearance; so I did; he read it back verbatim. I had aircraft Y luaw [line up and wait] on runway 5; I scanned all finals then cleared aircraft Y for takeoff. I saw aircraft X rolling out on runway 28; so I immediately cancelled aircraft Y takeoff clearance. I asked the aircraft on runway 28 who he was. The pilot gave me his callsign and stated that I cleared him to land on runway 10. Both aircraft stopped in time and were about 1;500 feet apart. I told aircraft X that he landed on runway 28 and not runway 10. The pilot seemed confused by this and didn't understand that he actually landed on the wrong runway. I read the pilot of aircraft X the brasher warning and taxied him off the runway and to contact ground control. Our staffing was very short due to management allowing the 3rd person that would've been there to change shifts. If that person had stayed on their original assigned shift; we would've had an extra set of eyes in the tower. Traffic was very busy the entire day due to it being a normal busy day and the pilots couldn't do pattern traffic after xa:30 pm local time because of a tfr that would be effective for a sporting event. The traffic was very busy and complex until the tfr started that evening. All other controllers left; so it was just myself and one other controller in the tower until closing time. The flm [manager] was in his office downstairs doing the schedule.management should not have approved a shift change for the 3rd controller.

Related reports:

Google
 

Original NASA ASRS Text

Title: LAF Tower Controller reported an aircraft landing on the wrong runway and have a ground conflict with a departure aircraft.

Narrative: Aircraft X called inbound from the southwest for a full stop landing. After initially telling him to make straight in for RWY 5; I changed his instructions and told the pilot to make right traffic for RWY 10 and to report a 3 mile right base for RWY 10. I noticed the aircraft on the radar display on the edge of the Class Delta flying NW bound through my final for RWY 5. I told the pilot to continue west so he didn't cut any other aircraft off on final for RWY 5. I observed the target moving westbound. I cleared the aircraft to land on RWY 10 and to hold short of RWY 5 for traffic. The pilot asked me to repeat my clearance; so I did; he read it back verbatim. I had Aircraft Y LUAW [Line Up and Wait] on RWY 5; I scanned all finals then cleared Aircraft Y for takeoff. I saw Aircraft X rolling out on RWY 28; so I immediately cancelled Aircraft Y takeoff clearance. I asked the aircraft on RWY 28 who he was. The pilot gave me his callsign and stated that I cleared him to land on RWY 10. Both aircraft stopped in time and were about 1;500 feet apart. I told Aircraft X that he landed on RWY 28 and not RWY 10. The pilot seemed confused by this and didn't understand that he actually landed on the wrong RWY. I read the pilot of Aircraft X the Brasher Warning and taxied him off the RWY and to contact Ground Control. Our staffing was very short due to Management allowing the 3rd person that would've been there to change shifts. If that person had stayed on their original assigned shift; we would've had an extra set of eyes in the Tower. Traffic was very busy the entire day due to it being a normal busy day and the pilots couldn't do pattern traffic after XA:30 PM local time because of a TFR that would be effective for a sporting event. The traffic was very busy and complex until the TFR started that evening. All other controllers left; so it was just myself and one other controller in the Tower until closing time. The FLM [manager] was in his office downstairs doing the schedule.Management should not have approved a shift change for the 3rd controller.

Data retrieved from NASA's ASRS site and automatically converted to unabbreviated mixed upper/lowercase text. This report is for informational purposes with no guarantee of accuracy. See NASA's ASRS site for official report.